Rodents is derived from the word rodere, meaning “to gnaw”. They are mammals of the order Rodentia, which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws. Because they do not stop growing, the animal must continue to wear them down so that they do not reach and pierce the skull. As the incisors grind against each other, the softer dentine on the rear of the teeth wears away, leaving the sharp enamel edge shaped like the blade of a chisel
Most rodents are small animals with robust bodies, short limbs, and long tails. They use their sharp incisors to gnaw and dig burrows, and defend themselves.
They tend to be social animals and many species live in societies with complex ways of communicating with each other. Rodents are omnivores feeding exclusively on plant material such as seeds, stems, leaves, flowers, and roots. Some are omnivorous and a few are predators.
Habitat:
Drains, sewerage pipes, below sinks, in fridges, microwaves, cracks & crevices, underneath & inside cupboards, book shelves, furniture & appliances, around pipes or conduits, behind window or doorframes, in the bathroom, Hot-water closets, Electrical equipment, computers, wet grinders, switch boards, cardboard boxes. In other words, ALMOST EVERYWHERE.
Reproduction:
A single pair of cockroaches’ can produce several generations consisting of appox 4,00,000 individuals per annum. Female cockroaches deposit their eggs in a hardened oval capsule called an ootheca. When the eggs are almost ready to hatch, the mothers of most species either drop the egg case close to a food source or use secretions from their mouths to glue it to a suitable surface.
Life Cycle: Roach life cycle includes; Egg Stage, Nymph stage and Adult stage. Nymph stage moult five times before they become capable of breeding.
Rodent Life Cycle
Some facts about Rodents:
- Rodents ( Rats) are the most intelligent creatures among the non-insect pests, which compete with human for food, shelter and ownership of all valuable properties.
- Rodents live and succeed in all climatic conditions and are often found in and around buildings and make their burrow in garden and in and around garbage sheds.
- During rainy days, they move towards building for warmth and food..
- They can swim and live in water for three days continuously.
- They are vectors of all pathogenic microbes like virus, bacteria, fungi, etc.
- They transmit epidemic diseases like Plague, Salmonellosis, Leptospirosis, Diarrhea, etc.
- Apart from these diseases faecal matter of rodents easily gets mixed with food grains which cause contamination and food poisoning
- As their incisors continue to grow they have the tendency to grind something nonstop to sharpen their teeth and cause damage to wood, plastics, wire, cloths and other important materials worth crores of rupees every year.
- They are the biggest menace in all our places and particularly the field of catering, hospitals, hotels, clubs, software industries and warehouses. Their presence cause business risk due to damage and heavy economic loss, besides losing reputation.
- A single pair can reproduce approx. 700- 800 off springs in a year.
Species of Commensal Rodents:
The word commensal is used to describe rodents that are generally found living in close associations with humans and very often dependent upon human habitat for the essential elements of food, water, shelter and space.
- Bandicoot rats – Bandicoota bengalensis
- Roof Rat – Rattus rattus )
- House Mouse – Mus musculus
- Brown Rat – Rattus norvegicus
Breeding:
House Mouse females have a gestation period of about 19–21 days, and they give birth to a litter of 3–14 young (average six to eight). One female can have 5 to 10 litters per year, so the mouse population can increase very quickly. Breeding occurs throughout the year
The brown rat can breed throughout the year if conditions are suitable, with a female producing up to five litters a year. The gestation period is only 21 days, and litters can number up to 14, although seven is common. They reach sexual maturity in about five weeks. The population can grow from 2 to 15 000 in a year under ideal conditions.
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